Description
Picea – Spruce –
There are 30-45 species of monoecious, evergreen, coniferous trees in the Pinaceae family, in this genus. They are stiff, narrow, conical, sometimes columnar trees. They occur in forest in cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They have horizontal to upward pointing branches covered in needle like leaves set singly around the shoots, and varies from bright green, glaucous, blue, silver and gray. The woody, oval to oblong-cylindrical female cones, held terminal on main shoots and side shoots, are erect at flowering, later pendent, they ripen in a season from green or red when young to purple or brown when mature. Ovoid, yellow to red purple male cones, 3/4-1 1/4″ long, are borne in spring on previous years shoots. Spruces are useful for shelter planting or as specimen trees, many cultivars are dwarf or slow growing. There are prostrate cultivars that make excellent ground covers.
Grow in any deep, moist but well drained, ideally neutral to acidic soil in full sun. It will not withstand polluted environments.
Prone to gall insects, aphids, caterpillars, sawfly, red spider mites, lesion nematode, scale insects, butt rot, heart rot, witches broom, mistletoe, rust, gall adelgids, and needle cast.
P. orientalis – Caucasian Spruce – Oriental Spruce – This slow growing pyramidal-columnar tree from the Caucasus and Northeastern Turkey grows 100′ feet tall and 25′ feet wide. It has smooth, pink gray bark, becoming cracked with age, and hairy, gray brown shoots. It produces very short, blunt, 4 sided, glossy, dark green leaves, 1/4-3/8″ long, are arranged radially on the shoots. Males cones are brick red appearing in spring. Female cones are ovoid-conical, dark purple, later brown and 2 ½-4″ long.
Zones 5-8
