Description
Picea – Spruce –
There are 30-45 species of monoecious, evergreen, coniferous trees in the Pinaceae family, in this genus. They are stiff, narrow, conical, sometimes columnar trees. They occur in forest in cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They have horizontal to upward pointing branches covered in needle like leaves set singly around the shoots, and varies from bright green, glaucous, blue, silver and gray. The woody, oval to oblong-cylindrical female cones, held terminal on main shoots and side shoots, are erect at flowering, later pendent, they ripen in a season from green or red when young to purple or brown when mature. Ovoid, yellow to red purple male cones, 3/4-1 1/4″ long, are borne in spring on previous years shoots. Spruces are useful for shelter planting or as specimen trees, many cultivars are dwarf or slow growing. There are prostrate cultivars that make excellent ground covers.
Grow in any deep, moist but well drained, ideally neutral to acidic soil in full sun. It will not withstand polluted environments.
Prone to gall insects, aphids, caterpillars, sawfly, red spider mites, lesion nematode, scale insects, butt rot, heart rot, witches broom, mistletoe, rust, gall adelgids, and needle cast.
P. mariana – Black Spruce – This pyramidal tree from Canada and Northeastern USA grows 30-70′ feet tall and 6-15′ feet wide. It has scaly, gray brown bark and brown shoots with reddish hairs, the lower shoots often layering to form a skirt. It produces blunt, 4 sided, bluish green leaves that are to 3/4″ long. It bears ovoid, green later gray brown female cones, 3/4- 1 ½” long, which persist on the tree up to 30 years. Prefers boggy soil and must have an open sunny position to thrive.
Zones 2-6
