Wilts

Wilts Common name Wilt Bacterial wilt Dutch elm disease Verticillium wilt Oak wilt Causal agent Wilting is caused by several bacteria, fungi, and nematodes that block the xylem vessels of the plant, resulting in an inadequate water supply to the leaves and stems. Water disruption further causes damage to cell walls and death of living tissue leading to wilt. Scientific name Erwinia tracheiphila Ceratocystis ulmi Verticillium albo atrum Symptoms & Signs Wilt symptoms vary depending on the type of wilt and the causal agent. However, a few common signs of the disease include chlorosis, stunting, withering, and drooping of the leaves. The leaves initially turn yellow, then brown, and die prematurely. Some branches and stems may also display yellowing and chlorosis. Transmission The mode of transmission also differs based on the causal agents. Some pathogens spread by means of wind, water, and insects, while others remain in the soil and enter through root injuries. The pathogen moves to the xylem tissues and blocks the water transport, resulting in wilting. Time of concern Throughout the year Common hosts Oak Pine Eggplant Squash Elm Tomato